Theory of relativity -Time dilation,Special relativity and General Relativity

Theory of relativity

The theory of relativity contains two interrelated theories discovered by Albert Einstein that is special relativity and general relativity.

Special relativity is applicable to all the phenomena which are in the absence of gravity. 
General relativity explains two well known laws that is law of gravitation and relation with other natural forces.

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It also applies to cosmological and astrophysical realm, which includes astronomy.

This theory is superseding about 200 years old the theory of mechanics which created by sir Isaac Newton, and it transformed into astronomy and theoretical physics during 20th century. 

It introduced us with the concepts of spacetime as a unified entity of space & time, gravitational time dilation, relativity of simultaneity, kinematic, and length contraction.  

With cosmology, relativity, astrophysics predicted extraordinary phenomena like neutron stars, black holes, and gravitational waves. 

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Development and acceptance:

The theory of special relativity was published by Albert Einstein in the year 1905, creating on many theory results and empirical findings obtained by Albert A. Michelson, Hendrik  Lorentz, Henri Poincaré and others. Max Planck, Hermann Minkowski and others did this subsequent work.

The term "theory of relativity" was based on relative theory. Max planck emphasized how the theory used the principle of relativity. In the discussion the same paper is used by Alfred Bucherer for the first time expressthe theory of relativity.

Special relativity:

Special relativity theory tells us about the structure of spacetime and this theory was introduce by Einstein's in 1905. 

This theory is based on two postulates.

For all observers in any inertial frame of reference which is relative to one another, the laws of physics are same.

In the vacuum the speed of light is same for all observe regardless of motion of light source.

Relativity of simultaneity: 

Two events are simultaneous for one observer but not be simultaneously for other observer which if the another observer in relative motion.

Time dilation:

when the observer is moving or in motion the time tick was slow for observer as compare to the observer which in stationary position.

Maximum speed is finite: 

In vacuum no one can travel faster than speed of light only effect of gravity can travel through space at the speed of light not faster than light.

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Mass-energy equivalence:

 

E = MC²

Energy = Mass X Square of  time

General Relativity :

This theory was introduce by Einstein related to gravity and it was developed in years 1907-1915.

Gravitational time dilation :

The time works slow in the gravitational wells.

Precession: 

The orbit of mercury and binary pulsar does not precess the theory of Newton gravity.

Light deflection:

The light ray bent towards the gravitational pull above picture is example of light deflection.

Test theory of general relativity:

This theory was confirmed many times by some experiment like mercury orbit, debflection of light, etc. 

Credit: CNN.com

Energy is neither created nor destroyed it can be transformed into one form to another.